The main indicators of any woodworking production are quality work and productivity. To fulfill these conditions, you must have the appropriate equipment. One such equipment is a four-sided woodworking machine.
Design and scope
Relatively recently, designs that combine several operations have appeared in the wood processing industry. Processing of wooden products occurs on four sides at once. This equipment is most often used for milling and jointing.
The woodworking machine consists of:
- spindle section;
- part feed unit;
- equipment parameter control systems.
On one side there can be several processing heads, which reduces the cost of manufactured products and reduces the time for performing a certain operation.
The four-sided machine is designed to perform the following operations:
- Milling. Instead of planing shafts, disk cutters are installed on the working heads of the equipment, which makes it possible to do longitudinal milling. To carry out processing with finger cutters, it is necessary to periodically stop the parts, however, this is not provided for by the design;
- Planing and jointing. This can be done using shafts with blades of a certain configuration installed on them. The design of the machine makes it possible to simultaneously perform finishing and roughing;
- Reaming and profiling.
Most often, such models are used to create lumber with a flat surface or profile. All the work can be done in one pass.
Using four-sided machines you can make products such as:
Classification and differences of machines
All four-sided woodworking machines can be divided into:
- thicknesser planer;
- longitudinal milling.
Longitudinal milling machine used for cutting along the length of the material to the desired size. This woodworking equipment can perform profiling of any complexity. The lower shaft of the knife, taking into account the thickness of the wood being planed, moves together with the tabletop in the vertical direction.
Thicknesser used to plan a part to a specified thickness on both sides simultaneously. It is initially planing, but has an additional profiling function. Such a device can produce shallow profiling with a simple locking design of a small beam.
Processing wood on four sides simultaneously helps save time, increasing production productivity. That is why four-sided machines are the optimal equipment in the construction and furniture sectors.
Main criteria for selection
Considering that a machine for complex woodworking is expensive equipment, when choosing it it is important to take into account the technical characteristics and all the nuances of the design. Equipment performance depends on:
- speeds and timber feeding systems;
- degree of processing and dimensions.
Choosing the optimal machine model, you should pay attention to:
In order to accurately position the workpieces relative to the machining center, a sensor system is required. In addition, when analyzing the model, you should take into account the cost of components, the degree of remoteness of the manufacturer’s service centers and warranty conditions.
Design of machine components
To understand the operating principle of the equipment, you need to consider design features of the machine, which includes many nodes.
Some equipment models include a joyter, a hydraulic spindle and a number of working tools. Such devices sharpen knives directly during product processing.
Purchase of a machine
Longitudinal milling machine can be purchased at specialized construction stores, but it is better to buy it directly from the manufacturer (if we are talking about domestic manufacturers). You can rent equipment or purchase it in installments.
Before purchasing equipment, you need to pay attention to the following main points:
- performance;
- accuracy;
- reliability of operation;
- availability of service;
- equipment price.
If a four-sided wood saw will be an addition to an existing line, it is important to consider its dimensions. During the purchase, it is necessary to take into account the technical parameters and the combination of various processing options, the weight of the equipment and the speed of work.
Some companies providing such equipment are still little known. Price for their products relatively low, but the quality is adequate. For example, the German brand Beaver. The cost of their products is low due to the fact that production is located in Taiwan and China. But parts of the assembly are made in Germany.
When choosing equipment, you should not consider cheap Chinese-made models. Please note that it will be very difficult to find spare parts for them.
Service maintenance
Any machine tends to break down over time and its component parts wear out. In order to have fewer interruptions in work for such reasons, it is advisable to choose the equipment that is most durable and wear-resistant.
In addition to productivity, it is important that the machine is as safe as possible. Therefore, the presence of limit switches, electric brakes and a metal protective casing with sound insulation is provided.
Processing of products on a machine must be as accurate and high quality as possible. For these purposes, it is important that the device has statistical and dynamic balancing of all fixations of parts.
When operating the equipment, you must adhere to the rules specified in the instructions for it. You cannot process workpieces that are larger in size than those provided for by the rules. It is imperative to carry out preventative and repair work to keep the equipment in working condition.
It is very important to install the machine correctly, taking into account not only its dimensions and weight, but also the size of the wooden blanks. The operator should not have to deal with any difficulties associated with feeding the material.
Pros and cons of equipment
One of the most positive qualities of four-sided machines is high productivity. To achieve optimal results, the design must be equipped with a software numerical control unit. Then the influence of the human factor will be minimal.
The conditions for the correct preparation of the program must be met, and the workpiece being processed must be accurately measured. In its optimal configuration, the equipment is designed for processing cylindrical workpieces and rectangular beams. Jointing and milling of sheet materials can be performed on both sides. Features of the operation of machines of this type are the following factors:
The main disadvantages of woodworking four-sided machines are the high cost and complexity of setup. However, in production line conditions these indicators are not significant.
Hello, in this article we would like to introduce you to a home-made four-sided woodworking machine for home-made lining, floorboards, and indeed for planing any timber, moreover, the device operates from a simple 220-volt household outlet. Why? , and having seen enough on YouTube of all kinds of self-made woodworking equipment - they say, we also have such a “miracle unit”, maybe someone will be interested and useful this information for making something similar with their own hands. The master who made it, due to his youth, (there was no power-tool Cambrian explosion then like now) was a professional machine operator and had the opportunity to make jointers, cutters, units and pulleys in production, so if someone does not know the mechanics of planing wood and the safe design of mechanisms, then , it is better not to undertake the manufacture of such devices! Not to mention safety precautions when working on woodworking machines, knowledge of the process of setting up a quadrilateral and its repair.
Training in straightening alloy wheels Selecting a tire changing machine Selecting a wheel straightening stand
By and large, the machine was assembled from what was at hand: a U-shaped channel, an angle and sheet metal. The device turned out to be stationary and heavy, but you can move it manually with two people. The allowance of the lower movable jointer is set semi-stationary, the feed table is bolted to the frame through spacers in the form of rings, and accordingly the thickness of the spacers is adjusted. Set to remove approximately 3mm. The upper jointer is movable and is adjusted to the thickness of the required timber from the receiving table. On both sides of the planing jointer there are movable (in height and width) pressure rollers. Next come two milling movable heads, equipped with both upper and side spring clamps. The right side clamping bars are also adjustable, but they are usually adjusted at a time, and further adjustment occurs with the upper jointer and the left milling cutter “for consumption”. For this four-sided machine, only electric motors (Belarusian, 2000 rpm, capacitor, 4 pcs.), knives, wires and bags were purchased. From the motor to the shaft, with its own belt tensioning system. A circular saw was made for the machine on a frame, with two saws on a shaft, for cutting unedged boards and a sharpening machine for knives, which is discussed below in order.
Cutters:
Planers and cutters, the most difficult part when building a machine, were made independently, in production, on universal metalworking machines. They were made of raw metal, presumably 20-30 steel, there were pigs lying around at the lathe - that’s what they were made from. I had experience working as an adjuster for a factory quadrilateral in production, and the principle of the entire design was removed from it, adjusted for the simplified possibility of manufacturing units. The jointer has a working length of 220 mm, a diameter equal to the workpiece, for three knives and different designs for their fastening. The first lower jointer is made according to the principle - a clamping bolt through the body, like on a factory unit, where they are generally aluminum, and are made on CNC machines. The jointer worked, but was difficult to manufacture, and such a design requires factory production. The bolts should not have heads, but should have an internal hexagon inside the thread diameter itself - and hardened. It was not possible to find such ones and I had to make a compromise by installing raw hex bolts with trimmed heads (pictured).
When manufacturing the second upper jointer, we had to abandon this design and resort to the classic scheme for fastening the knives: a bolt (hardened) through a clamping bar, with the head pressed into the body of the jointer. But with this design, it was necessary to mill an exact conical groove and a conical counter clamping plate. In the first (lower) jointer, the grooves are straight, without a cone. When milling the grooves on the second jointer, the finger cutter was pulled out of the collet, the width of the groove was not damaged, but it was deeply buried inside and spoiled a lot of work, chips, emulsion, large passages - the jamb is shorter. A very good welder saved the situation by miraculously welding the bottom of the groove. Fortunately, the product was still in allowance at this stage. The ball bearings in the brackets are pressed into grooves from the edges of the jointer, like a crankshaft in a motor. Essentially, three jointers were made, then one was cut into three cutters, with an internal diameter boring for the milling heads.
All planing corners and grooves, before processing, were drawn on the end of the workpiece from a stencil using a scriber. Planers and cutters were not balanced. The upper (second) jointer turned out better, it works smoother and makes less noise.
Machine for sharpening jointer knives 220v:
There is a machine and cutters, we need to somehow sharpen the knives on them, let’s continue to get weird, we’ll make a sharpening machine with our own hands. To do this, we need one linear movement relative to the abrasive thin wheel. Moreover, the alignment of the pressure bar and the stone does not matter. We sharpen by running the knife along the bar several times and bringing the bar, adjustable in the corners, to the emery wheel with screws. The removal at one time is not large, just a couple of sparks. When buying knives, make sure that they are straight, not curved after heat treatment (heating), otherwise you will have to press them firmly along the bar, removing the bend. Accordingly, the cutting edge of the knife will turn out to be curved, although this is not critical, they will plan, they will press on the jointer, the main thing is that their edges are in the same radius. In the photo there is a sharpener with two threads on the edges of the stop bar, but it can be made simpler: on the left is a loop, and on the right is a swivel threaded connection for supply. After sharpening, you can polish the edge on felt. You can sharpen any knives: a plane, a chisel, or any style. It is worth noting that there is a difference between knife and knife, good knives are difficult to find, go to all the tool stores, and there won’t be any standing there.
Circular saw with two cutters 220v:
We have a machine, sharp knives, now we need to cut the edges of the edged board. We are building a super circular, since there is such a booze. It is needed for running a large cubic capacity, or trimming poles into small beams up to 80/80mm. If there are small things, it is easier to cut with a hand-held circular saw. The electric motor is the same as on the four-sided machine, but on the saw frame it is possible to install a second motor in a sequential belt connection. That is, the first one turns the second pulley, the second pulley turns the shaft with the saws. The belt tension is dynamic, i.e. We start the motors without load at idle, then gradually transfer rotation to the shaft. It unwinds and then spins more by inertia. When the rotation speed drops, the capacitors turn on. The first cutter is stationary, the second cutter moves on the shaft by mounting on a double-sided collet. At the exit there are adjustable receiving bars. The teeth of the cutters are set as far apart as possible so as not to bite. You can cut a half-inch into cubes all day, it cuts straight along the length of the board, but the cut is rough.
Well, conclusion, advantages and disadvantages:
There is no automatic feed) Sometimes threads break, so you need one mating part to be hardened, either a bolt or a nut. Throughout the machine. Bearings get hot and fail, but within reasonable limits. Sockets and plugs melt), so you need to use models with a tight connection and in a ceramic case, turning off all unnecessary electrical appliances in the house. Use an electrical extension cord only with a high-ampere cord. After work, be sure to check all working electrical wiring. Difficult starting when cold: either at idle, with sequential belt tension, or with manually turning the belt when starting. At the same time, it is possible to run only three motors with a small allowance; they planed the lining on three sides to make 3/1.8 panels for pouring the foundation. As a rule, at the beginning as a surface planer, then as a router. There is no exhaust), during operation compressed air is supplied to blow chips. It rusts), paint it, don’t paint it, it still rusts without the factory anti-corrosion coating, the cutters are in diesel fuel, the machine is lubricated before long-term storage and stands under an awning. In general, this unit was built for building a house; it planed everything:
lining, timber, floorboard, block house - for myself, now for the most part it stands and works under our orders for work, the client buys lumber ready-made, but there are situations when you need to make wooden jambs for doors in a log house or under a window, for installation in They had ready-made doors or windows, and for this there is an unedged floorboard, they threw it into the gazelle, brought a cut and planed blank: a board or timber. Now the upper tower with the jointer has been removed from the four sides and installed on the table in the workshop, like a surface planer with an upper jointer.
Thank you for your attention!
Lining has been used as a finishing material for the last few decades, which is due to the presence of a huge number of undeniable advantages of this material. Among all the advantages, it should be noted the relatively low cost, as well as the possibility of independently creating this finishing material using special equipment - a 4-sided machine. There are quite a few models of such woodworking equipment, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. However, all industrial versions can be characterized by high cost. They are not suitable for household use. That is why many craftsmen decide to create with their own hands. Let's consider all the features of this work.
Why do they create a homemade four-sided machine?
There are several advantages of a homemade version of the machine:
- significant reduction in the cost of finished material. If you use a homemade wood milling machine, the cost of the resulting material is significantly reduced. To carry out finishing work on a site or in a private house, you can use homemade lining, since it will not be significantly inferior in quality to what is sold in the store;
- you can create additional income. Many people need lining, as this material is universal in use. Therefore, you should not think that after finishing the house, a homemade 4-sided woodworking machine will no longer be needed;
- It is possible to control the quality of the resulting products with high precision. At the same time, changes can be made quickly and inexpensively. The advantage of a homemade design is that all parameters of its operation can be adjusted within a certain range if necessary;
- Using a four-sided machine, which processes a solid wood workpiece on 4 sides, can also be used to solve other problems, for example, it can be used to produce timber.
The above points determine that many people decide to independently create a four-sided machine that processes the workpiece on 4 sides.
Principle of operation
Considering the operating principle of a typical machine that processes a workpiece on 4 sides, we note that it removes material across the entire width of the workpiece in one or several passes. The device carries out grinding from above and below, but at the same time it also forms the necessary profile on the sides. In this case, the formed side profile can be a groove, a tenon of various shapes. The type of profile obtained depends on the choice of the wizard.
Often the housing is rigidly attached to the base, which effectively dampens vibration, which significantly improves the quality of processing. However, there are also portable versions that are light in weight and overall dimensions. They can be used for installation in a garage or other room.
- an element configured for the correct feeding of the workpiece;
- a unit that is represented by cutters with planing elements.
It is important to note that if the quality of the workpiece feeding mechanism is poor, processing will be carried out at a low level of accuracy. Therefore, when making a homemade version, it is important to pay attention to this element of the woodworking machine.
When considering the cutting zone where the cutters are located, it is important to pay attention to their rotation speed. High quality processing is characterized by a rotation speed ranging from 4500 to 5000 rpm. For domestic use, you can create a design that will have a lower rotation speed of the cutting tool.
Creating a homemade machine
Many people cannot afford a four-sided industrial machine. However, in some cases it is simply not advisable to install it. That is why the solution is to create a homemade woodworking machine that can simultaneously remove material on 4 sides.
In order to create a four-sided woodworking machine with your own hands, you will need the following equipment and devices:
As a rule, your four-sided machine is made depending on the installation conditions and processing features. To complete the work of preparing and assembling the necessary parts, you should acquire the following tools:
- Welding machine. A four-sided woodworking machine consists of a large number of metal elements. An example is a frame made from angles and pipes. Please note that using a conventional threaded connection in this case is not recommended, as there is a risk of strong vibration. All elements of the structure under consideration must be rigidly connected to each other.
- A drill is used to create holes. In order to be able to adjust the height of the table, holes are created for the adjustment bolts.
- A grinder is simply an indispensable tool when working with metal.
- If you plan to independently turn pulleys and rollers, you will also need a four-sided lathe. You can order the production of new parts, but it is cheaper to find suitable ones from various disassembled devices.
The manufacturing instructions are standard; depending on various conditions, the work may take from several days to months.
On the Stankoff.RU website you can buy four-sided woodworking machines from leading manufacturers: Beaver, Griggio, Logosol, Woodtec, ZMM Stomana and other Russian, Chinese, Taiwanese manufacturers. There are more than 123 models of 4-sided machines in stock and on order at the best prices. Only profitable offers with detailed descriptions and photos. Check prices with managers.
4-sided machines. Benefits of use
Furniture production often uses natural wood to create high-quality products. Processing of boards and bars is carried out using special four-sided machines presented in our catalog.
The system allows you to produce a high-quality part based on a wooden blank in one pass without additional processing. Modern four-sided woodworking machines offered by our company can withstand considerable loads. Thanks to the special design, all manipulations are carried out in the internal chamber of the machine. It does not vibrate during operation. The maximum and minimum part size depends on the characteristics of the specific model.
The feeding belt is equipped with special lower and upper rollers along which the workpiece moves, and side pressure strips that secure the board or timber.
The range of applications of such equipment is wide:
- woodworking enterprises;
- furniture manufacture;
- production of wooden blanks for construction;
- production of molded products.
Using a four-sided machine, you can significantly speed up the production process, making it rational, efficient, and cost-effective. Impeccable planing quality is ensured using modern, multifunctional spindles. 4-spindle and 5-spindle machines are in demand.
Each of the four sides of a wooden piece can be processed differently. The maximum planing depth depends on the specific equipment model. Powerful motors ensure smooth operation of the system. The possibility of the workpiece being pushed out during processing is eliminated. The machine does not vibrate when processing massive large parts, thanks to the solid cast iron bed that can withstand impressive loads.
All machines are offered as standard. The consumer can order additional options depending on specific needs.
Where to buy a four-sided machine
To buy a four-sided machine, you need to contact a reliable supplier of high-quality equipment. The range of units is wide. It is advisable to use the recommendations of experts to make an informed choice. Additionally, delivery, assembly, and commissioning services are provided. If necessary, you can purchase spare parts and additional components, which are offered in a wide range by the supplier.
Units from leading manufacturers have been in operation for a long time and are characterized by a high degree of reliability and safety. When choosing four-sided machines, you should pay attention to such criteria as the maximum and minimum dimensions of the workpiece, the thickness of the layer being removed, the processing depth, and the number of spindles.
Leasing services are offered. The client receives equipment for temporary use with the possibility of subsequent redemption at the residual value. Such offers are of interest to many consumers. Such services are different from equipment rental. Potential clients can learn more about all the possibilities by consulting with the company manager. You can establish furniture and woodworking production by collaborating with leading suppliers of relevant equipment.
Four-sided woodworking machines allow you to do quite high-quality jointing of workpieces. It is boards that are most often processed. Various types of modifications are available on the market. First of all, the separation of devices is carried out according to the position of the support.
The machines also come with two or three guides. Their stands can be wooden or metal. In order to learn more about machines of this type, you should consider specific modifications.
3 kW modification
A 3 kW machine is quite easy to assemble. In this case, the engine is of the commutator type. However, before installing it, it is important to start assembling the frame. Some experts recommend using, however, metal supports are more reliable.
After fixing the frame, you need to start assembling the caliper. For this, a steady rest with a rotating flywheel is selected. In this case, a cutter should be used of a short length. After fixing the caliper, the steady rest is attached. In order for the workpiece to be securely fixed, a plate is installed. At the end of the work, all that remains is to install the control unit to start the commutator motor.
Assembly of a 5 kW model
Four-sided 5 kW woodworking machines must be made with rigid frames. To do this, the width of the stop must be at least 2.2 cm. In this case, the plate is used with a small width. However, the frame is installed with additional support. Flywheels are used to adjust the caliper.
There are also modifications with roller devices. However, making them yourself is quite difficult. In this case, it is more advisable to use a drive shaft. The engine must be installed at the bottom of the structure. You should also provide space for the control unit. To protect the caliper, experts recommend using covers. If desired, you can make a shield. The cutter is installed on the machine last.
10 kW devices
Four-sided 10 W woodworking machines are common. In order to assemble the device, it is necessary to make a frame with four supports. It is also important to choose a wide slab for the rack. In this case, it makes more sense to install the caliper above the stops. To fix the stand you need to use
Many experts also recommend using screws to improve grip. The guides in the device are attached behind the caliper. Ultimately, it should not touch the center plate. If necessary, the guides can always be cut. To fix the protective shield, you will have to use a welding machine. It is more expedient to select CNC. They are quite expensive. At the end of the work, all that remains is to secure the cutter.
Top-mounted device
To make a quadrilateral, you must first take care of the stance. In this case, the legs can be made from metal profiles. Many experts recommend not using steel sheets. The working plate itself is selected from cast iron. In order to fix the stand, a metal corner should be welded. It should be located at the edge of the bed.
In this case, it is important to calculate the distance to the cutter. The skid plate is installed last. To secure the caliper, many recommend attaching additional screws. The flange must be located away from the caliper. After fixing the steady rest, the flywheels are installed. They are necessary for setting up the cutter. At the end of the work, the motor is installed together with the control unit.
Model with lower caliper location
A homemade four-sided woodworking machine with a lower support position has large dimensions. However, such models allow you to process long boards. In this case, the motors are installed asynchronous type with a power of 5 kW or more. CNC blocks are used to control the processing process. Racks in devices are often made of steel angles. Modifications with are rare. In order to make a model yourself, you need to select a high-quality plate.
Many experts recommend choosing a short length. It should weigh no more than 15 kg. Then there will be no strong pressure on the racks. In this case, the support is installed next to the pin. The guides themselves are mounted in a horizontal position. To prevent the cutter from rubbing against the work area, a steady rest is used. In many modifications it is used as a cam type.
Modification on a moving plate
It is quite difficult to make four-sided woodworking machines with movable plates yourself. In this case, a roller mechanism is selected that can withstand heavy loads. The bed must be made at least 30 cm wide.
The side supports can be fixed on metal corners. To keep the roller mechanism stationary, a pulley is used. In this case, the caliper must be installed after the motor. CNC devices are very rare. The most commonly used are conventional control units. The steady rest itself is of the cam type. After fixing it, the cutter is installed.
Model with two quills
The model with two quills allows you to process boards of large width. To make a four-sided woodworking machine (photo shown below) with your own hands, you need a long plate. In this case, it is more expedient to make the racks from metal corners. Metal corners are also used to fix the plate. The support must be installed above the quill.
In this case, the flywheels will be located on the sides of the bed. Before installing the motor, a steady rest is attached. Screws are used to secure it. Legs are usually made from metal corners. Many experts recommend using a commutator type motor. Its rated power must be at least 5 kW. The control unit is standardly installed as a contact type.
Double guide machines
Machines with two guides are quite easy to assemble. In this case, the support can be installed under the working plate. The motor is allowed to use low power. It is more advisable to select a steady rest with a through drive. The flywheels are installed directly on the side of the steady rest. Many experts advise soldering the work plate to the bed. In this case, the cutter is adjusted with screws. The motor must be installed on the caliper side. The control unit can be used with CNC.
Model SCH-1
The four-sided woodworking machine SCh-1 is very popular. In this case, the guides are installed near the steady rest. The bed has a small height. The flywheels are located on the caliper side. If we talk about the parameters, the motor is used at 5.5 W. The maximum frequency of the model is 55 Hz. In a minute, the cutter is capable of making more than 2 thousand revolutions. The model has a quill with
Flywheels are used to adjust the cutter. The stand in the device is set at 45 cm. The model’s load-bearing plate is used without stops. The control unit itself is located next to the motor. There is a lining under the rest. A holder is used to secure the workpiece. The indicated four-sided woodworking machines (Borovichi, Russia) cost about 230 thousand rubles on the market.