How to make a water supply system at your dacha with your own hands: rules for laying, installation and arrangement. How to make a water supply system in your country house Connecting to a water supply system with your own hands

Every summer resident, especially those accustomed to comfort, understands the importance of running water in a house outside the city. It’s hard to imagine proper care of the area near the estate without it, and the use of household appliances becomes impossible. Every owner of a country estate can build a water supply system at his dacha with his own hands!

How does an autonomous water supply work?

Installation of a water supply system is ideally considered during the process of creating a house project. At this stage, a clear action plan is drawn up, a diagram of the pipeline and mechanisms is drawn. An estimate must first be calculated and the necessary materials and equipment must be purchased. It is best for a separate, small-sized room on the ground floor of the house, with an area of 2-3 m2, to be allocated for the installation of the boiler-water meter unit. If you install the input unit and technical devices this way, then during operation it will be convenient for you to regulate the water supply and, if necessary, repair the system.

So, the water supply system consists of the following links:

Pipeline complete with shut-off valves and fittings. In this case, the pipes used do not have to be metal; they can be polypropylene or metal-plastic.
Mechanisms for supplying water - a submersible pump or pumping station.
Devices for regulating pressure in the system. This could be a relay, a pressure gauge and an expansion tank.
Electrical support equipped with automatic control.

List of tools

To install a water supply system of any complexity, you will need tools such as:

Set of wrenches: gas no. 2, adjustable and wrenches - no. 17, 19, 22 and 24.
Pipe cutter.
Pencil, knife and tape measure.
Sanding paper.
If you chose polypropylene pipes, then you should purchase an electric soldering iron.
If the pipes are metal, then you need a saw specially designed for this purpose.
Hacksaw.
Crowbar and shovel.

Before you start digging a trench, you should mark the water supply route on your property. To do this, take all measurements using pegs, string and a measuring tape.

Note! A thoughtful approach to work will help you save not only costs, but also precious time, so carefully count the number of pipes, taps, angles, valves, fittings and other important elements.

Summer water supply

Summer water supply is a water supply system that can be used exclusively during the warm season. It is usually used for watering plantings, connecting a summer shower and for household needs. Operation of such a system in the winter cold is impossible. Summer water supply can be either collapsible or permanent.

The simplest installation method is to run the hoses directly along the ground. To do this, you should use silicone or rubber pipes connected to each other by adapters. They are sold in all construction stores. Adapters made of galvanized steel have better characteristics, but they are more expensive, so many people prefer their plastic counterparts. In addition, special latches can be used as a hose connector. On one side there are some “ruffs” on which the hose is put, and on the opposite side there is a spring-loaded connector. In one movement you can both connect and disconnect the latch. The joint turns out to be very reliable. If you are interested in purchasing a durable material, then pay attention to a thick-walled rubber hose, because it is reinforced with nylon fibers. Its service life is at least 15 years.

If you prefer to create a permanent summer water supply system, then the pipes should be laid in the ground, and the water taps should be brought to the surface. The depth of the trench should not be large. The pipeline is covered with earth in order to avoid tripping over the pipes and to hide them during the absence of the owners of the dacha.

Note! During the installation of the system, you will have to lay all the pipes at a slope, which should be directed towards the connection to the main line. This will be the lowest point of the plumbing system. Here you should screw the drain valve, with its help you can drain the water from the system for the winter. Otherwise, the water will rupture the pipes after freezing, even if they are plastic!

Winter water supply

A capital winter water supply system can be used all year round, regardless of whether it is cold outside or not. If there is a well on your personal plot, then running water can be done without difficulty. For this purpose you will need a submersible pump. The choice of device power largely depends on the depth of the well from which the water supply will be organized. You can read the technical characteristics of the unit in the relevant documentation for it or by talking with a specialist.

The submersible pump is always connected to electricity. All electrical wires can be placed in one casing with water pipes. This way, you can prevent mechanical damage to communications and protect them from exposure to cold. High-quality installation of a water supply system implies compliance with all specified technical conditions and standards. The pipeline must be laid below the freezing level of the ground. Dig a trench about 60-100 cm deep. You will have to fill the water pipe itself with insulation; its thickness should be about 30 cm. This can be foam chips, expanded clay or other suitable insulation material. The main thing is that it is moisture resistant and durable.

Build a pit near the well, approximately 70x70 cm in size and about 1 m deep. It is needed to connect the pump. The walls should be lined with boards, concrete rings or bricks. If you prefer boards, please note that they should first be treated with antiseptic preparations. The bottom can be filled with concrete or simply covered with a layer of gravel. A pipe with a special fastening for the hose that extends from the pump, as well as electrical wires, should be led into the finished pit. So, you can disconnect and connect the unit if necessary, for example, for repair work. It is important to protect the pit from freezing; to do this, insulate it. To create a safe electrical connection, use sealed connectors or waterproof outlets.

Note! Regardless of what type of water supply you choose: summer or winter, make it so that if it breaks down, the fault can be fixed without completely dismantling the system.

Installation of a water supply system

To safely install a water supply system in your dacha, you should stock up on strength and patience. The dug trenches should be carefully checked to see if the depth is correct, the bottom is cleaned, the slope is correct, etc. Now you can immerse the deep pump into the well or well.

Connect the device according to the instructions supplied with the unit. The pipe must fit the fitting to which the hydraulic accumulator or pressure gauge or pressure switch is connected. After connecting the mechanisms, you will need to connect the main pipe to the last terminal and lead it into the house through the trench. This is where the armored cable needed to power all equipment is laid. It is very important that a well with shut-off valves be made at the entrance to the building, which will provide good access to the water supply system during maintenance or repairs. Now you can begin installing filters, laying water pipes directly around the house, organizing water heating and final connections.

Do you already have experience installing water pipes in your country house? Perhaps you encountered any difficulties during the process? What helped you cope with them? Perhaps you have invented an innovative installation method? Write us comments, your experience is valuable!

Even in the most remote village houses, not to mention modern country cottages, you can significantly increase the level of comfort by simply installing water supply in a private house. We won’t assure you that this is such a simple matter, especially if the house has already been built a long time ago, and not just at the planning stage, but still, many of the plumbing installation works can be done independently, without the help of specialists. In this article, we will try to tell you how to install water supply in a private house, while we will only touch on the work inside the house without taking into account the arrangement of the water supply source.

Do not neglect such an important point as drawing up a water supply diagram. Don’t come up with excuses for yourself: I just need to get it into the kitchen and the bathroom. Immediately, as soon as you decide to install a water supply system in a private house, draw a diagram of its installation throughout the house, taking into account all the elements: water consumers, collectors, boiler, filters and pump. Mark the location of all elements and the route of pipes throughout the house. It is advisable to mark the distances on the diagram. This will greatly facilitate the task of calculating the number of pipes for the water supply.

The pipe laying scheme can be done in two ways:

Serial connection of consumers.
Collector connection.

Serial connection Suitable only for a small country house with a small number of water consumers, where 1 - 2 people live. For full-fledged country houses and cottages with permanent residence, such a system is not suitable. It consists of the following: water flows through the main pipeline throughout the house; a tee with a outlet in its direction is installed near each water consumer. It turns out that if you use several consumers at the same time, the most remote one will have very low pressure, unable to satisfy the needs.

Collector connection consists in diverting individual pipes from a common collector to each consumer separately. This ensures almost the same pressure at every point in the house. Of course, there will still be some pressure losses associated with the distance from the pumping station, but these losses are much less than with a series connection.

The choice of a collector distribution system significantly increases the cost of plumbing in a private home. Mainly due to more pipes. But it's worth it. Next, we will consider the collector system.

Any water supply diagram for a private house consists of the following elements:

Source of water intake (well, well).
Pumping station. A pipe is laid in the ground from the water source and connected to the pump. Before connecting it to the pump, there must be a check valve so that the water does not return back.
A hydraulic accumulator into which water is pumped.
After the hydraulic accumulator on the outlet pipe, it makes sense to install a tee with a shut-off valve. One pipe will be used for household needs, and the other for technical needs (vegetable garden, car wash, etc.).
A pipe with water for household needs is connected to a water purification and water treatment system, since water from an underground source may contain harmful impurities.
After the filtering systems, a tee is installed to separate cold water and future hot water.
The cold water pipe is connected to the cold water manifold. Shut-off valves are installed here for each line that will go to its consumer.
The hot water pipe is connected to the water heater.
The hot water pipe from the water heater is connected to a hot water manifold, which sends pipes throughout the house.

There may be other additional elements in the plumbing system, but the typical diagram and connection sequence remain unchanged.

Installation of water supply in a private house

In the work associated with laying water pipes in a private house, the most dusty and difficult part is making holes in the walls or floor for the pipeline. Otherwise, cutting and connecting pipes, connecting to consumers, connecting to a collector, installing a pumping station and connecting filter systems, although it will take a lot of time, will not require much physical effort. So doing the plumbing of a private house with your own hands is a completely feasible task even for a beginner. The main thing is that the desire is unshakable, then everything can be done.

Selection of pipe material

The first step is to decide what pipe material we will use.

Copper pipes the best and most expensive. They are not susceptible to corrosion, are not afraid of ultraviolet radiation, are indifferent to microorganisms, do not notice increased pressure, do not react to changes in ambient temperatures, are not afraid of harmful impurities in water, and in addition, they instantly give off heat. In general, it’s a dream, not pipes. One drawback is the price.

Metal-plastic pipes They are aluminum pipes protected on both sides (inside and outside) by a layer of polyethylene. The smooth surface of polyethylene does not allow deposits to accumulate and prevents the development of rust. The outer layer protects against the influence of ultraviolet radiation and condensation. Significant disadvantages of such pipes are: fear of high temperatures above 95 ° C (they become deformed), sensitive to water freezing, pipes with fittings cannot be bent.

Steel pipes- the good old option. They are durable, strong, but at the same time afraid of rust. It is also important that for installation it is necessary to either cut a thread for a connection on each pipe element, or weld the pipes, which is a very labor-intensive process.

Polypropylene pipes Recently they have become increasingly popular when installing plumbing in a private home. This is due to the fact that they have excellent performance characteristics, do not oxidize, are durable (up to 50 years), relatively easy to install, and the connections do not require frequent checking, which allows you to hide the pipes under the plaster. Among the shortcomings, only one can be highlighted - the need for a special electric welding machine to connect pipes to each other.

Important! If your choice is polypropylene pipes, please note: for hot water supply, reinforced pipes (with fiberglass, aluminum or other material) are required.

Considering the number of pipes required to lay a collector system, the price for water supply in a private house largely depends on the material of these pipes. So, when choosing, focus on the price/quality ratio and do not forget about your budget.

Selecting the diameter of internal water pipes

The correct diameter is no less important than the pipe material. This is due to the fact that a pipe diameter that is too small can lead to turbulence of the flow, which means that the water in the pipes will move noisily, leaving a lot of lime deposits on the walls. The maximum speed of water movement in the pipeline is 2 m/s, based on this, the diameter of the pipes must be selected.

The diameter of the pipes also depends from pipeline length:

For a pipeline less than 30 m long, pipes with a diameter of 25 mm are suitable.
For a pipeline longer than 30 m, it is better to use pipes with a diameter of 32 mm.
For a short pipeline less than 10 m long, pipes with a diameter of 20 mm can be used.

The correct installation of water supply in a private house largely depends on the correctly selected diameter of the collector pipe, so that it ensures the full simultaneous use of several consumers at once. To determine it, you need to perform simple calculations: for example, one tap with water flows 5 - 6 l/min, we calculate how many and which consumers we can have turned on simultaneously throughout the house.

A pipe with a diameter of 25 mm (1 inch) passes through itself 30 l/min;
32 mm (1.25 inch) pipe flows 50 l/min;
pipe 38 mm (1.5 inches) - flows 75 l/min.

If the family is large, many people live in the house at the same time, and there are few water points, quite often there will be situations when they will use the kitchen sink, the bathroom, the toilet, and the washing machine at the same time. The consumption of these devices per minute must be summed up - the diameter of the collector pipe will depend on this.

If the family is small and there are many water consumers around the house, then the calculation is made differently. It is necessary to calculate water consumption at water collection points and reduce it by 25 - 40%. This will be the approximate cost of the family.

Let's look at connecting pipes to each other using polypropylene pipes as an example.

For cold water we use pipes with a diameter of 25 mm, wall thickness 2.8 mm.

For hot water we use reinforced pipes with a diameter of 25 mm, wall thickness 3.2 mm.

Technology for welding polypropylene pipes:

We cut the pipes into pieces of the required size using special scissors. Be sure to keep the blade strictly perpendicular.
We mark the welding depth on the pipes - in our case 16 mm.
We clean the welding site from dust and dirt using damp alcohol wipes.

We install nozzles of the required diameter on a special welding machine.
Turn on welding and set the temperature to 260 °C. When it warms up, the lights will go out.

We slide the parts of the pipes that we want to weld onto the welding attachments to a depth up to the drawn mark. At the same time, we do not rotate the pipes or make any twisting movements.
As soon as the pipes are placed on the nozzles and begin to move along the nozzles, we count down 7 seconds. After this, remove the attachments; a second person must hold the welding machine.
We connect the pipes to each other without making rotational movements - quickly and smoothly. Hold it for a few seconds.

The result should be a smooth and beautiful perpendicular connection. If you are not happy with the result, cut off the section with the connection and repeat the procedure from the very beginning.

Before using newly welded pipes, you need to let them cool slightly.

Plumbing in a private house

After the pipes are connected to each other, you can begin laying pipes inside the house. We recommend starting with the water consumer.

First, we connect the pipe to the consumer using an adapter for a threaded connection, install a ball valve between the adapter and the faucet hose, which is necessary to shut off the water if repairs are suddenly needed, then we lay it towards the collector. There are a few simple rules that must be followed:

It is advisable that pipes do not pass through building structures (walls and partitions). But if this is not possible, when laying a pipe in the wall, it must be enclosed in a special glass.
So that the pipes can be easily repaired, it makes sense to place them at a distance of 20 - 25 mm from the wall.
When installing drain taps, make a slight slope towards the tap.
When going around the outer corner, the pipe is located at a distance of 15 mm, and the inner corner - 30 - 40 mm.
The pipes are secured to the walls with special clips. Be sure to secure it in each corner joint; on the straight section we place clips at a distance of 1.5 - 2 m.
To connect polypropylene pipes at an angle, including 90°, special HDPE fittings and tees with identical and transitional diameters are used.
The fewer turns and corners there are in the line, the less pressure is lost.

When connecting a pipe to a collector, shut-off valves must be installed to allow the consumer to be disconnected from the system, including for the purpose of repair.

Connecting the pumping station to the internal water supply

Connecting a private house to the water supply is carried out through a pumping station, which pumps water from a source: a well or a well.

The pumping station is best located in a house, basement, basement or heated technical room. This will protect it from freezing and make it possible to use the water supply even in severe frost.

A pipe runs from the water intake source to the pumping station, which ends in a brass fitting with an adapter for a diameter of 32 mm.

We connect a tee with a drain valve to this fitting in order to be able to turn off the water supply to repair the water supply. Then we connect a check valve so that the water does not return back. If you need to rotate the pipe to direct it towards the station, then use a 90° angle.

We connect the ball valve to turn off/on the water supply.
Next is a coarse mesh filter.
The finished pumping station must have a pressure switch and a damper tank. But if your pump is located in a water intake (well, well), and the rest of the equipment is in the house, then we connect a pressure switch on top of the pipe, and a damper tank or hydraulic accumulator on the bottom.
A sensor that protects the pump from dry running.
We connect a fine filter to the remaining connection.
Next comes the transition to a pipe with a diameter of 25 mm.

Before further work, check that the connection is working properly: start the pump - whether it will pump or not. If not, it means that something is connected incorrectly somewhere or the accumulator is over-inflated.

What is a hydraulic accumulator and why is it needed?

The hydraulic accumulator is a sealed tank divided into two sections. One contains water, the other contains air under pressure. This unit is necessary in order to ensure stable pressure in the water supply system and turn the pump on and off when needed.

For example, the accumulator is completely filled with water, the pressure in the system is 3 bar. When someone opens a tap in the house and uses water, it leaves the accumulator, the pressure drops, the relay is activated and the pump starts. Water is pumped again, the pressure becomes 3 bar.

The tank volume varies: from 25 liters to 500 liters, selected depending on the needs of the family.

Installing a water supply system in a private house does not necessarily require the presence of a hydraulic accumulator. You can use a large storage tank and install it on the highest floor of the house. Water will flow to consumers under pressure created by its weight. But such a system is not enough for the washing machine to work.

Water from the source must be tested in a laboratory for impurities and soluble salts. Depending on the results, various filter systems and water treatment units, iron removers, etc. are selected.

Immediately after the hydraulic accumulator, water must enter the water treatment system. These devices must be located at a distance of 0.5 - 1 m from the hydraulic accumulator.

Installation of collectors and boiler

After the filter systems, the water should be separated into two streams: one to the cold water collector, the second to the water heater.

Before the cold water collector, be sure to install shut-off valves and a drain valve. On every pipe in the manifold too. The number of pipes depends on the number of water consumers in the house.

Laying a water supply system to a private home would be incomplete without providing hot water.

On the pipe that leads to the water heater, we install a safety valve, an expansion tank and a ball drain valve immediately below the boiler.

At the outlet of hot water and the water heater, we also install a ball valve. Then we connect the pipe to a hot water collector, from which we distribute pipes throughout the house.

At this point, the installation of water supply in a private house with your own hands can be considered complete. Don’t forget to first check that the system is working and that there are no leaks in all areas of the water supply. If the results are positive, you can safely use it.

Plumbing in a private house: video review

Many people are attracted by the idea of making water supply in their dacha with their own hands. There are many advantages to this option for solving the water supply problem - from economic benefits to the ability not to depend on the water supply schedule, reducing pressure characteristics during peak hours. In addition, it is possible to calculate and build a system that fully corresponds to the layout of the site and takes into account the number and location of consumption points.

Solving the question “how to install water supply in a dacha with your own hands” begins with determining the type of source. That is, it is necessary to decide where the water will come from. The simplest option is to build a line from a centralized main, equipping it with a pressure tank for uninterrupted supply and pressure stability, however, such a solution is not always possible - there may be no common line at all. Your own source allows you to create a completely autonomous system.

Well

A traditional option that serves many people well in rural areas and is suitable for use in dacha areas.

The advantages of choosing a well speak for themselves:

Construction and operation do not require obtaining permits, registration or any other activities associated with additional hassle.
Water from a well can be obtained either using a pumping unit or manually, which is important for those areas where the power supply is often cut off. In addition, this possibility increases safety - if there is a fire in the area, you will be able to get water and extinguish the fire, even if the wiring is damaged.
Building a well is not too difficult; you can do it yourself, even without special skills. It is enough to carefully study the recommendations of specialists.
If ready-made heavy building blocks (for example, concrete rings) are not used, you can do without using special equipment.
Even using the services of specialists for construction, the price of the work will be lower compared to drilling other water sources.

Disadvantages of the well:

High probability of organic contaminants getting into the water (this can be reduced by equipping the well with a tightly closing lid),
The need to periodically clean and sanitize the mine (during seasonal use, this will have to be done more often, since water stagnates in an unused well),
It is possible to draw water from the upper layers, where contaminants from the soil surface (toxic waste from enterprises, chemical fertilizers, man-made dust, etc.) can get in.
Relatively low productivity (about 200 liters per hour).

It should also be noted that constructing a well is only possible if the aquifer lies at a depth of less than 15 m.

Well on sand

When deciding how to make water supply in a country house using a sand well, there is also no need to worry about paperwork. The advantages of a sand well are similar to the features of the construction and operation of a traditional well.

You can use the services of a specialized company or try to do the work yourself. If the aquifer is shallow, you can do without complex equipment.
Water from a sandy aquifer has a high content of insoluble impurities - sand or clay, so the water supply system will require a reliable filter system.

Distinctive features:

lower (compared to a conventional well) probability of organic matter getting into the water (water is generally collected at a depth of 15-30 meters),
short service life (about 8 years),
depending on geological features, sometimes it is more expedient to install a new well (or move equipment) without much effort than to clean out the source,
a sand well can produce an average of 1.5 cubic meters of water per hour.

Artesian well

In this case, you will be able to install water supply at your dacha from a well only after the drillers have completed their work. Drilling is permitted only by professionals from specialized companies that have permission to carry out this type of activity. After drilling, flushing and putting the source into operation, the company will issue a package of documents for the artesian well, and before drilling you must obtain permission.

Advantages:

water intake from deep aquifers, where pollution from the surface does not reach (more than 50 meters),
high productivity (sometimes it is economically feasible to install one artesian well in several areas).

Flaws:

the need for serious material investments,
high salt content in water.

The photo shows the location of aquifers and water intake options

Important: Installation of a filtration system will be required when choosing any type of source. The performance and completeness of the filters are selected based on the composition of the water, which must be determined in a specialized laboratory. The choice of filters is also influenced by how the water will be used - sometimes, in addition to cleaning on the general line to protect pipes, plumbing and household units, additional filters are installed on the kitchen line.

Pump equipment

Do-it-yourself installation of a water supply system in a dacha involves selecting and installing pumping equipment. At this stage, it is important to take into account the nuances of different types of systems.

Both submersible and surface pumps are suitable for wells. When choosing, it is important to remember that they can have a destructive effect on the walls of the structure and contribute to “turbidity” of the water (oscillations lift silt from the bottom, separating it from the walls of the mine). To reduce this risk, it is important to strictly follow the manufacturer's installation recommendations. In particular, the minimum distance from the bottom of the unit to the bottom is usually limited.
Artesian wells are very deep, so to equip them you will need a special deep pump.
For sand wells, submersible pumps are also usually used, although in certain cases surface pumps can also be used.

Units for lifting and transporting water are selected not only by design, but also by technical characteristics. Pressure and productivity are taken into account. When calculating the required value, not only the depth of the source is taken into account, but also its distance from the house, the height difference (in case of complex terrain of the site or when installing a water consumption point on the second floor of the house).

When designing a water supply system at your dacha, keep in mind that in some cases single pumping machines are more effective. They represent a whole complex of equipment: in addition to the surface pumping unit, it includes control devices, a pressure switch and a hydraulic accumulator, which optimizes the operation of the pump and ensures stability (consistency of supply and normal pressure) of water supply.

At the same time, the pumping station creates more noise than, for example, a submersible pump. It requires placement in a caisson, basement or in a separate heated room to avoid freezing. In addition, there are some restrictions for the installation of such equipment - the distance from the pump to the water surface should not be more than 8 m.

Types of pipes

Since the industry offers a large selection of water pipes, you should understand the features of each type in order to make the right choice.
The characteristics of plastic pipes often cause difficulties and confusion. This is due to insufficient precision of formulations. Any product made from polymers can be called plastic, but the capabilities and operating features of different types differ significantly.

Polypropylene very popular for internal wiring, has a low price and can withstand high pressure and temperature. Installation of pipes made of this material is carried out by soldering using a special soldering iron, which creates reliable, permanent connections.
U polyethylene The pressure and maximum temperature limits are lower than those of polypropylene. But temperature characteristics are not so important when using pipes for cold water supply, and the ability to withstand pressure plays a role when installing extensive systems that include water supply lines to fountains, sinks and other consumers that require high pressure. The advantage of polyethylene is its resistance to negative temperatures and ease of installation using fittings. Therefore, HDPE pipes are most often used to supply water from a source to a house.
Cross-linked polyethylene technical characteristics are almost identical to polypropylene. Its peculiarity is the impossibility of connecting elements by welding. How to make water supply in a country house from a well or a well in this case? For this purpose, special compression fittings are used.
Metal-plastic is similar to cross-linked polyethylene and has a similar layered structure, however, among its layers there is also aluminum foil reinforcing the structure. Metal-plastic pipes are also not welded, and their advantage is flexibility, which allows pipes to be bent, thereby reducing the number of joints and resistance to high temperatures and pressure. They are suitable for cold water supply, hot water supply and even heating.

Advantages of all plastic pipes:

light weight,
long service life,
smooth surface (salts are not deposited),
corrosion resistance,
immunity to chemical influences.

Metal pipes are used less and less for pipeline installation, but they are recommended if the line has to be laid under a road (for example, under a car entrance). The main disadvantages of metal pipes are their heavy weight, lack of corrosion resistance and difficult installation.

Wiring in the house

If there are several water intake points in the house, the question arises about choosing a wiring diagram.

Scheme of water supply in a country house from a well, a well or a central line can be serial or collector.

Installation sequence

To organize the installation of a water supply system in a dacha from a well or well, according to a preliminary sketch, they mark out the laying of communications in the area. After this, proceed as follows.

Features of the winter pipeline

It is usually believed that the summer water supply system differs from the winter one in the depth of the pipes. At the same time, seasonally used communications must be able to drain before the onset of cold weather. In small areas, ground installation is often resorted to using hoses and portable pumps. In this case, the entire water supply system can be easily and quickly dismantled and stored at the end of summer.

It is somewhat more difficult to organize winter water supply at your dacha yourself, but it is quite possible. It is important to eliminate the possibility of freezing of the system (communications and pumping equipment). Winter water supply at the dacha from the central water supply or autonomous water sources is maintaining pipe laying depth(below the soil freezing level) or their reliable thermal insulation. To be on the safe side, you can combine these precautions.

For autonomous systems you will also need provide protection for pumping equipment. Submersible models are not at risk of freezing - they are protected by a layer of water. Surface units are installed in pits or caissons, as well as in special small heated rooms.

When installing winter systems, you can use various methods of pipe insulation:

foam chips poured into the trench,
crushed slag,
expanded clay,
foamed polyethylene,
sheet thermal insulation with additional corrugated casing for pipes.

You can install winter water supply at your dacha from a well or borehole with a heating cable - this is the most effective solution, but it requires energy costs.

The photo shows a diagram of a water supply system from a well, which can be used both in summer and winter.

Water heating

Water is heated using electric heaters and gas boilers. The latter are cheaper to operate, but require gas, documentation and professional installation. Electric models are simpler and more compact. You can easily install them yourself. According to the principle of operation, heaters are divided into: The type of unit and its performance are selected based on the volume of water consumption.

For permanent residence, you can consider installing a double-circuit gas boiler, which provides both home heating and hot water supply.

Video

The features of laying the external part of the water supply system are described in the video.

When going to a dacha outside the city, few people are ready to completely give up the benefits of civilization, especially when it comes to running water. Agree, the importance of water supply to a summer cottage is difficult to overestimate.

Water is necessary for watering the garden and vegetable beds, as well as for solving everyday problems. What can we say about the use of household appliances that require connection to the water supply network. To arrange the water supply, you can hire specialists or do it yourself.

To make water supply at your dacha with your own hands, you must first decide on the source of water, select the necessary equipment and materials, and study the sequence of work. These are the questions we will help you solve.

For a better understanding of the water supply process, we illustrated the material with visual diagrams and photographs, and supplemented the information with video clips.

The installation of any water supply system begins with the selection of a water supply source. Although the choice is usually not great. This could be a centralized water supply system.

Not only its quality, but also the methods of constructing the entire water supply system, its technical complexity and cost depend on where the water will come from.

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Option 1. Water supply from a well

The simplest “old-fashioned” method is. Its depth depends on the occurrence of the aquifer - up to 10 - 20 meters, as a rule. Of course, you can use such water only if filters are installed. Well water is often contaminated with nitrates and heavy metals.

The well must be insulated. This is done to a depth exceeding the seasonal freezing mark in the region by 20 cm. They use polystyrene foam, which covers its entire above-ground part. The pipe that connects the well to the pumping equipment is also insulated.

Option #2. water well

A summer water supply will be quite sufficient for basic household and agricultural needs on the scale of one summer cottage. But if you are used to comfort, use your dacha as a place to relax and want to use water in the same way as at home, within the city, then it is better to do it at your dacha.

Winter plumbing is a much more complex system. Everything must be taken into account - from the natural slope of the terrain to the depth of soil freezing. A pump is required to provide water pressure. In short, a winter-type country water supply system is no different from the water supply system for residential private houses.

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Construction of a typical plumbing system

The water supply system in a summer cottage consists of several elements:

pump equipment;
pipes and fittings;
pressure switch and pressure gauge;
draining device.

In addition to the above, the system may include other elements, such as a storage tank, filters or heaters. Some components can be combined in one complex, for example, a pumping station.

Raise water from a well - choosing a pump

Water is supplied from a well or borehole using a pump. Choosing a pump is one of the most important tasks when planning the water supply of a summer cottage.

The choice of pump depends on:

depth of the well or borehole;
volume of consumption;
productivity of the well itself (discharge);
well diameter;
water pressure;
financial component.

Some of these parameters cannot be calculated exactly; rough estimates are made. To do this, it is better to consult with an experienced master so as not to make mistakes.

There are two types of pumps:

submersible;
surface.

The surface version is used only for pumping water from a well. It can be placed on the surface or inside the well, but float. The maximum depth for which a surface pump is suitable is 8 m.

If your well is deeper or we are talking about a borehole, then this type of pump is not considered.

The pumping station combines several elements: a hydraulic accumulator, a pressure gauge, a pressure switch and the pump itself

Drain valve for system preservation

There are situations when the water supply system has to be preserved, for example, during a long departure or repair. In such cases, all water should be drained from the system. To do this, immediately after the pump, that is, at the lowest point of the system, install a drain valve.

If you turn off the pump and open the valve, the water will begin to flow in the opposite direction through the pipeline due to the slope. Sometimes they do it differently and install a check valve and a bypass pipeline - a bypass. This scheme is used when using water from deep wells and boreholes.

How to organize a sewer system for water disposal?

Since there is practically no central sewage system in dachas, you need to take care of an individual solution for draining wastewater and liquid household waste. You can dig a cesspool the old fashioned way, but this does not meet sanitary standards. Yes, and such a pit will have to be cleaned often.

The design of the septic tank is based on the principle of wastewater treatment in several stages. For the septic tank to work correctly, all chambers, except the last one, must be completely sealed

The modern solution is . The simplest and most common method is a septic tank made of 2-3 concrete rings. Although there are more advanced technologies, such as the Eurocube, for example.

The task of the septic tank is to separate the solid component of the wastewater, and drain the relatively clean liquid component back into the ground. Thanks to such a system, you can get by with one call to a sewer truck every few years.

Step-by-step installation guide

In order to build a water supply system at your dacha yourself, you need to do preparatory work: draw up a plan, prepare tools and materials. Only after careful preparation can you begin laying the pipeline, connecting and installing internal wiring.

Step 1. Drawing up an action plan

You need to start work by drawing up a detailed plan. If the planned scheme is complex, you cannot do without the help of a professional, because plumbing is a responsible matter.

If you decide to do it yourself, prepare all the information:

depth of soil freezing in your region;
depth of groundwater;
relief slope;
plan of existing communications indicating water intake points;
site plan with all buildings;
number of consumption points (water supply to the house, bathhouses, watering the garden, filling the pool, etc.).

First draw a detailed diagram to scale. In addition to the usual site plan, draw a profile image of the pipeline and an isometric plan. This way you can take into account the slope when laying water pipes in your country house.

It is necessary to describe in detail all the connecting elements and fittings that will be used. This way you not only won’t forget to buy anything, but also won’t make mistakes during installation (+)

Freezing depth is one of the most important characteristics. It depends on how deep the pipes will have to be laid. Please note that the depth of pipe installation must be at least 20 cm greater than the freezing depth of the soil at the lowest point of the site.

Image gallery

Country life can be improved by constructing a water supply system with automatic water pumping

In the construction it is better to use cross-linked HDPE pipes Ø 25 mm with fittings corresponding to their diameter

A well can serve as an autonomous source for organizing a country water supply, but most often a well is chosen. It does not need to be pumped regularly and you can simply raise the water with a bucket if the power goes out

There are several options for pumping water from a well: a “Malysha” type vibration pump, a drainage pump, or a pumping station. If you use the station, it is not necessary to buy an automation unit

Step #2. Preparing the necessary tools

When the diagram is ready, the materials have been calculated, you need to take care of the necessary tools. Let's assume that you already have a well or a well, so you can skip the construction step.

Tools for installing winter water supply in the country:

shovel;
adjustable wrench;
gas key;
welding machine for pipes - “iron” (when using polypropylene);
roulette;
pipe cutter;
hacksaw;
gun for silicone and sealant.

This set will be sufficient for excavation and plumbing work.

You can buy a ready-made plumber's kit, which includes all the basic tools for laying water pipes. But you still have to purchase measuring tools separately and it’s better not to skimp on quality

If you plan to carry out electrical installation work yourself, then you need to expand your tool kit with a screwdriver, tester, wire cutters and other electrician tools.

Step #3. Plumbing installation

To organize your work correctly, you need to know the correct order:

Carry out excavation work. Armed with a shovel, begin constructing trenches along the entire length of the water pipeline according to the drawn up plan.
Take care of the power supply to the pump. You need to dig a separate trench, lay an electrical cable and install an outlet to connect the pump.
Install the pump. Depending on its type, it can be located outside or immersed in the well;
Connect equipment to the pump: pressure switch, pressure gauge and hydraulic accumulator. Then securely connect the pipe leading to the consumption points.
Install the drain valve for possible preservation of the system.
Install the piping system along the bottom of the trench. Don't forget about insulating the pipes at this stage.
Remove external water points.
Connect the system and check its functionality. Particular attention is paid to pipe joints, as well as equipment connection points.
Fill the trench. They proceed to this stage if the system is operating stably and there are no leaks.
Install internal plumbing. Plastic pipes do not rust, so they can be recessed inside the walls. Install all faucets, plumbing fixtures, filtration systems and water heaters.

Well water must be purified. This is best done using flow filters or reverse osmosis systems. The latter provide complete purification from all impurities at the molecular level, but the cost of their installation and maintenance is much higher.

Step #4. Selecting a water heating device

To heat water in the country, you can use flow-type water heaters (gas or electric) and storage type (boiler).

Gas water heaters are very convenient; water is heated in unlimited quantities, quickly and efficiently. And you can save on electricity. But, firstly, a gas pipeline in a dacha is a rare phenomenon, and there is no point in connecting a water heater to a gas cylinder, and secondly, the installation of the water heater should only be carried out by a qualified gas technician.

The volume of the boiler depends on the number of people who will use hot water. If you only wash your hands or dishes, a 50 liter unit will be enough, but in order to take a shower, you need to install at least an 80 liter tank

Electric heaters can be installed and dismantled at any time, this is their advantage. However, in terms of heating speed they are inferior to gas flow columns.

An electric boiler is the best option for use in the country. Hot water is always available, it is inexpensive and any beginner can install it.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

In order to understand how to lay a water supply system in a country house, watch these visual video tutorials. From them you will learn how to install a water supply system from a well, a water well, and also how to make a summer water supply option at your dacha.

Video review of laying a water pipeline with a surface pump from a well:

Instructions for installing a summer-type country water supply system:

And these are instructions for connecting all the equipment - pressure switch, dry-running relay, etc.:

If you follow all our recommendations, you will be able to install a water supply system in your dacha without the involvement of professionals.

Are you trying to install your own country water supply or have successful experience in implementing water supply? Or maybe you don’t agree with the material presented? We look forward to your comments and questions. The contact form is located below.

Water supply to a house is an objective condition for the normal living of its residents. SNiP 2.04.01-85 “Rate of water consumption by consumers” regulates water consumption in the range from 80 to 230 liters. per day per resident. Consumption depends on the availability of centralized water supply, sewerage, bath or shower, the presence of a water heating column and other factors.

In multi-storey and communal buildings this issue is resolved by connecting to the central water supply system. For a private country house or cottage, you have to provide your own water supply.

Of course, once you can bring water from an external source in the amount of needs it will not be difficult. But how to provide water to a family for a long time?

This article will help solve this problem, in which the types of water supply, diagrams, systems and methods of their construction are structured in detail. The nuances of doing the main types of work with your own hands are also indicated.

Types and methods of water supply to a private home

From the perspective of the dependence of the water supply source on external factors, two fundamentally different types of water delivery to the user can be distinguished:

Centralized water supply at home

In essence, the same autonomous, but within the region. In this case, the user does not need to worry about arranging a source of water. All you need to do is connect (cut into) the central water main.

Connecting the house to the central water supply

All actions come down to the step-by-step implementation of a number of requirements, including:

contacting the regional utility organization MPUVKH KP "Vodokanal" (Municipal Enterprise "Water Supply and Sewerage Management"), which controls the central main;

obtaining technical characteristics of the insert. The document contains data on the location of connection of the user's pipe system to the main line and its depth. In addition, the diameter of the main pipes is indicated there and, accordingly, instructions for choosing home pipe distribution. The water pressure indicator (guaranteed water pressure) is also indicated here;

receive an estimate for connection, which is developed by a utility or contractor;

control the execution of work. Which are also usually performed by UPKH;

perform system testing.

Advantages of central water supply: convenience, simplicity.

Disadvantages: fluctuations in water pressure, questionable quality of incoming water, dependence on central supplies, high cost of water.

Autonomous water supply at home

You can independently provide water supply to your dacha, private or country house using an autonomous water supply. In essence, this is an integrated approach that includes measures for installing a water supply system, starting with providing a source of water supply, ending with its discharge into the sewer system.

An autonomous water supply system can be presented in the form of two component subsystems:

water delivery: imported, groundwater, from an open source;

supply to points of consumption: gravity, using a pump, with the installation of a pumping station.

Therefore, in a generalized form, two water supply schemes can be distinguished: gravity (storage container with water) and automatic water supply.

Using a container (water tank)

The essence of the autonomous water supply scheme for a house is that water is supplied to the tank using a pump or poured manually.

Water flows to the user by gravity. After all the water in the tank has been used, it is filled again to the maximum possible level.

This method is supported by its simplicity; it is suitable if water is needed from time to time. For example, in a country house that is not visited often or in a utility room.

This water supply arrangement, despite its simplicity and low cost, is too primitive, inconvenient and, moreover, creates a significant weight on the interfloor (attic) floor. As a result, the system has not found widespread use and is more suitable as a temporary option.

Using an automatic water supply system

This diagram demonstrates the functioning of a fully autonomous water supply system for a private home. Water is supplied to the system and to the user using a system of components.

This is what we will talk about in more detail.

You can implement a completely autonomous water supply for a private home on your own by implementing one of the schemes. There are several device options to choose from:

1. Water from open sources

These can be surface sources: ponds, rivers, lakes. In some cases, such sources may be water purification systems. But in our country they are not yet widespread.

Important! Water from most open sources is not suitable for consumption. It can only be used for irrigation or other technical needs.

Obtaining water from an open source requires the creation of sanitary protection of water intake sites and is regulated by the provisions of SanPiN 2.1.4.027-9 “Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and drinking water pipelines.”

2. Water from underground sources: pools and aquifers

This water is, in most cases, suitable for consumption.

How to install water in a private house with your own hands

A step-by-step guide to choosing and installing water supply in a country cottage or country house from A to Z

The house water supply scheme consists of the following elements:

water source;
pipe system;
pump, hydraulic accumulator, automation relay;
filters;
fittings, valves, check valves and plumbing fixtures;
water heating equipment (for hot water supply);
sewerage

Element 1. Water source

When starting to ensure an autonomous water supply, you should determine the source of water supply and equip it.

Among the subtypes of autonomous water supply with an underground source of water supply are:

1.1 ordinary well;

1.2 Abyssinian well;

1.3 well “for sand”;

1.4 artesian well.

The final choice will depend on the type and characteristics of the soil, the depth of the water, and the productivity of the water vein.

1.1 Regular well

A traditional well is preferred when the water vein is located at a depth of 4-15 m. These are the so-called interstratal water sources. In addition to the depth of occurrence, it is important to determine the productivity of the vein. The incoming water must be sufficient to meet the needs of the family and/or household. Using a well, you can ensure a water supply of 500 liters/day.

The undoubted advantages of the well are:

independence from electricity supplies. This way, in the event of a power outage, water can be collected with a bucket;
long service life (up to 50 years), which has been tested in practice;
low cost of work;
simplicity of the device.

It should be noted that due to the shallow depth of water intake, it may be of poor quality. This is due to the likelihood of groundwater entering the well. The well is also characterized by changes in water level.

Important! When setting up a well, you need to position it correctly in terms of distance from above-ground buildings. It should not be located close to buildings, the optimal distance is 5 m (this will prevent erosion of the foundation of the building). In this case, the distance to direct sources of pollution (gutter, toilet, other sources) should be at least 50 m.

To dig a well you need to perform a number of steps:

take a water sample;

Important! Before installing a well on your property, try your neighbors’ water, or better yet, have it analyzed. It may happen that the water will be unfit for consumption and all efforts will be in vain.

obtain a conclusion about the quality of the soil and the depth of the aquifer. In practice, wells are often dug “by eye”;

determine the place to dig a well. To do this, you can involve specialists and use special devices - indicator frames. And you can watch the dew for several months. The greatest accumulation of dew in a certain place indicates the proximity of water;

choose a building material for finishing the walls of the well (shaft). The following materials are most often used for these purposes:

Reinforced concrete rings, which are manufactured in factories or cast independently. Their diameter is 1-1.5 m.p., and the estimated service life is up to 50 years. The obvious advantage of using rings is the possibility of deepening up to 20 m, high speed and greater safety of work. In addition, rings are installed as work progresses;

Small-piece materials: brick, rubble stone. This material is only suitable for wells with a depth of no more than 3-4 m. Its use significantly increases the labor intensity of the work;

Treated logs. For finishing shaft wells, logs made of wood that are resistant to exposure to high humidity are suitable. These include oak, larch, and pine. The diameter of the logs must be at least 120 mm.

dig a well shaft. To reduce the cost of work, this is usually done manually. You can determine the dimensions of the shaft in this way: measure the diameter of the concrete circles, measure their thickness and add 10-15 cm to the backfill. Then, with a circle diameter of 1 m and a thickness of 10 cm, the diameter of the shaft will be 1.4 m. If you plan to use another material, for example, brick, then it is enough to indicate the desired diameter of the well and add two thicknesses of material to it;

finish the well - internal and external.

1.2 Abyssinian well

Water supply to a country house from an Abyssinian well or needle well is the easiest way to get water at minimal cost. To do this, just follow a number of steps:

check the water;
choose a place for a well;
drive a needle hole;
install a check valve and pump (manual or automatic).

The reason for the increased popularity of wells is the purity of the incoming water, tightness, ease of drilling, the ability to connect a pump, and a long service life (up to 30 years), a significant amount of incoming water - more than 1000 l/day. Among the disadvantages are the shallow driving depth and dependence on the composition of the soil.

1.3 Sand well

In this case, water also comes from interstratal sources. A sand well makes it possible to obtain cleaner water, since the aquifers are located after the loam, which filters the water.

Thus, the well is used if the depth of the aquifer reaches 40 m.p.

The well has a shorter service life (up to 10 years) and can produce up to 50 cubic meters. water per day. The well is distinguished by ease of drilling and less soil excavation.

A detailed description of how to make a well with graphical visualization is presented in the video

1.4 Artesian well

Allows the use of water from significant depths. The depth of the well reaches 150 m, which allows you to obtain high quality water. The unlimited supply of water is also an argument in favor of an artesian well. At the same time, the service life of the well increases compared to the previous option to 50 years.

The method of drilling an artesian well is identical to the previous one. The only difference is that a mechanical drilling method is used: auger, rotary, core or percussion-rope. The well design is shown in the diagram.

Important! By law, artesian water is a strategic reserve of the state. Therefore, there is a need to register an artesian well.

Element 2. Pipes for water supply

Water supply cannot be organized without installing an extensive system of pipes, both external and internal, and a water tank.

Galvanized, polyethylene, polypropylene or metal-plastic pipes are used for wiring.

Important! Using plastic pipes will prevent rust and leakage. They are also more convenient to give the desired shape. The estimated service life of a polypropylene pipe is 50 years.

External pipes are laid in the ground.

Important! The depth of pipe laying depends on the level of soil freezing (indicated in SNiPs; for central Russia the depth is about 1.5 m). The pipes are located below this value. In this case, the system is not in danger of freezing and, as a result, deformation.

Advice. To prevent water from stagnating in the pipe, it must be laid at an angle to the house.

Next, one end of the pipe is inserted into the house (for this, a hole is left in the foundation into which a steel pipe is placed. It will prevent deformation of the water supply pipe if the house shrinks). The second one is lowered into the well.

Element 3. Pump or pumping station for water supply

The pump can be installed in the house (basement or utility room)

Or it can be installed in a caisson or pit (directly above the well). The diagram shows the installation of a submersible pump and a surface pump in a caisson.

To get a caisson you need to dig a hole 2-3 m deep. Lay a sand-crushed stone cushion on the bottom and fill it with concrete. It is convenient to lay the walls with bricks. A pump is installed in the caisson, and the contour of the caisson is filled with concrete (layer about 0.4 m).

There are two types of pumps:

Submersible pumps. They plunge into water (well, borehole) and raise the water. For convenience, such pumps are equipped with automation, which allows you to pump water from your home.

Surface pumps. They are pumping stations equipped with a hydraulic accumulator and a relay.

The hydraulic accumulator performs the functions of a water tower.

Relay - regulates the pressure of the pumping station.

Operating principle of a surface pump

The principle of operation is as follows: the pump supplies water to the accumulator, which accumulates it. After the water is turned on in the house, the pressure in the system decreases. After reaching a critical level of 2.2 bar, the relay turns on, which in turn turns on the pump. The pump supplies water to the accumulator until the pressure is restored to 3 bar. After this, the relay turns off the pump.

You can select a pump based on the following data:

depth of water (bottom of a well or borehole);
height of water in the source shaft;
height of the water point;
volume of water consumed (m3).

The water intake pipe of the pump is lowered into the source. To avoid clogging of the pipe, filters are installed on its edge.

Important! The pipe is installed at a distance of 20-40 cm from the bottom (gravel cushion). The distance is determined by the height of the water at the source.

Advice. To prevent the pipe in a traditional well from moving, it must be secured to a special pin located at the bottom.

Element 4. Filters for the water supply system

Cleaning the water entering the pipe system is an important aspect of the water supply at home. Two types of filters are used for cleaning:

The first is installed on the edge of the pipe placed in the well. It purifies water from mechanical impurities;

The second is directly in the house and can be a complex multi-stage filter system. Water purification diagram in the figure.

Item 5. Fittings, valves and plumbing

These are the elements that are necessary for a hermetically sealed connection of pipes with each other and with other devices.

Important! To prevent system rupture and water leakage, try to use only high-quality shut-off valves.

Plumbing fixtures include: taps, waste tanks, water seals (siphons). You shouldn't skimp on their quality either.

Element 6. Water heating equipment

Will be needed if there is a need for hot water supply, i.e. almost always.

Important! To arrange hot water supply, it is necessary to provide a separate outlet to the heating device.

In this case, there are several options for choosing heating equipment:

double-circuit boiler. It will simultaneously heat water for heating and domestic needs;

single-circuit boiler. Designed exclusively for heating water for user needs. A boiler is required for such a boiler. In this case, the boiler can be storage or flow-through. In the first case, it becomes possible to heat a large volume of water;

electric storage water heater, allowing to satisfy the need for hot water of a significant number of users;

several instantaneous water heaters. They will heat water for each consumer individually. This system allows for more efficient use of electricity for heating water.

Element 7. Sewerage

Once the location for draining the used water has been determined, the process of arranging the water supply can be considered complete.

Water drainage is an essential component and the more water is consumed, the more it needs to be drained. This means we need to approach this stage responsibly. There are also two options here:

crash into the central sewer;

equip your own autonomous sewerage system. A septic tank or sedimentation tank is designed to collect water. Concrete and plastic septic tanks are shown in the photo. And their volume and quantity (total volume) depends on the amount of water consumed.

The video explains the rules for building a septic tank for a country house.

The water supply process from design to construction is shown in the video

Conclusion

As you can see, there are different water supply schemes for a private home, from simple to complex; accordingly, some will be cheaper, while others will be more expensive. Also, the cost of water supply is affected by the structural soundness, i.e. you will need a water supply device that operates periodically (temporarily) or year-round - in winter and summer. In any case, the implementation of each system is possible with your own hands, but requires knowledge and skills.