Concrete and reinforced concrete side stones BR100.30.18 or curbs are construction products that are widely used in road construction for the construction of roads, highways and sidewalks. Side stones BR100.30.18 are intended for separating the carriageway of streets and roads from sidewalks, lawns, playgrounds, public transport stops, separate tram tracks, etc.

Side stones BR100.30.18, made of concrete reinforced with high-strength steel, are able to withstand any mechanical loads, including collisions with vehicles. Concrete has low permeability, so it can easily withstand the effects of any climatic precipitation, temperature changes, can be used in a humid environment and is not destroyed by the action of chemical compounds. The high strength of reinforced concrete allows side stones to prevent soil movement and strengthen the road surface and paving slabs. The use of high-strength curbs made of reinforced concrete side stones has a beneficial effect on the service life of road and sidewalk surfaces.

Another important advantage of reinforced concrete, from which side stones BR100.30.18 are made, is the ease of installation and repair. They are installed directly into the ground (sidewalk curbs) or onto a concrete base (road and highway curbs). Installation consists of preparing a trench into which stones will be immersed, which is then compacted with sand, crushed stone or filled with monolithic concrete. The width of the trench should be slightly larger than the width of the curbs. Then the side stones BR100.30.18 are installed in the trench, so that the buried part of the curb is equal in height to its above-ground part. A strengthening solution, usually consisting of sand, cement and water, is poured into the gaps left on each side due to the larger width of the trench. And if it becomes necessary to repair the curb in any area, the damaged element is simply replaced with a new one.

Reinforced concrete side stones BR100.30.18 are a rectangular slab, the upper part of which is beveled on one side. The top, bottom and vertical edges of the stones must be mutually perpendicular. It is also allowed to produce side stones BR100.30.18 with a technological slope of the non-facial vertical edges up to 5%, rounding of the front edges with a radius of up to 5 mm and non-facial ones with a radius of up to 15 mm or chamfers up to 10 mm wide.

Side stones BR100.30.18 are manufactured in accordance with the requirements of GOST 6665-91 “Concrete and reinforced concrete side stones. Technical specifications "from fine-grained and heavy concrete. The concrete class for compressive strength is accepted to be no less than B22.5. The frost resistance class of concrete is assigned depending on the design temperature of the outside air during the coldest five-day period in the construction area: at a design temperature of the outside air above -5°C, the frost resistance class of concrete is assumed to be F100, at temperatures from -5°C to -15°C inclusive - F150, from -15°С to -45°С inclusive – F200, at temperatures below -45°С – F300. The water absorption of concrete side stones should not exceed (as a percentage of the mass): 6% for stones made of fine-grained concrete and 5% for stones made of heavy concrete.

Reinforced concrete side stones BR100.30.18 are reinforced with welded mesh and volumetric frames made of prestressed or non-prestressed steel. Hot-rolled steel rods of periodic profiles of classes A-IV and A-V or thermomechanically and thermally strengthened steel of periodic profiles of classes At-IV and At-V are used as prestressing reinforcement. Hot-rolled steel rods of classes A-I and A-III and ordinary periodic wire of class BP-I are used as non-prestressing reinforcement. Mounting loops are made of steel rod hot-rolled smooth reinforcement of class A-I.

Side stones BR100.30.18 are very important products, on which the safety of pedestrians and vehicles largely depends. Therefore, quite serious requirements are placed on the quality of manufacture of these products.

Side stones BR100.30.18 must maintain sufficient strength throughout the entire service life of the products. In this case, the value of the standardized tempering strength of fine-grained concrete should be 90% of the concrete class for compressive strength and the concrete class for tensile strength in bending at any time of the year. The value of the normalized tempering strength of heavy concrete should be 90% of the concrete class for compressive strength and the concrete class for tensile strength during bending in the cold season and 70% in the warm period. The transfer of compression forces to the concrete (releasing the tension of the reinforcement) is carried out only after the concrete reaches the standardized transfer strength. The actual strength of concrete must correspond to that required by GOST 18105, depending on the standardized strength and indicators of the actual uniformity of concrete strength.

Side stones BR100.30.18 must be manufactured in compliance with all dimensions specified in the project. The values ​​of actual deviations from the linear size of the stones should not exceed 6-10 mm in the length of the products, 4 mm in the width of the upper edge, 6 mm in the width of the base and 4-5 mm in the height of the products. The deviation from the straightness of the profile of the upper surface along the entire length should not be higher than 6-15 mm, depending on the length of the stone. The deviation from perpendicularity of the end and adjacent faces should be within 4-5 mm.

Side stones BR100.30.18 do not allow reinforcement to be exposed. Cracks on the surface of stones are strictly not allowed, with the exception of surface cracks with a width of no more than 0.1 mm and a length of up to 50 mm, in an amount of no more than 5 pieces. per 1 m2 of surface. In this case, the maximum crack opening width when testing for strength and crack resistance should not exceed 0.2 mm.

Reinforced concrete side stones BR100.30.18 are stored in the finished products warehouse, sorted by grade in stacks or bags up to 2 meters high. Stones in stacks are placed on wooden pads with a thickness of at least 30 mm, located vertically one below the other at a distance of 0.2 lengths of the stone from the end, or on pads made of other materials that ensure the safety of the stones. The bottom row of stones should be laid on transverse pads with a width of at least 80 mm.

BR 100.30.18

)

–

heavy concrete stone intended

for separating the roadway of passages within city blocks and for separating green spaces. Curb stones are widely used to separate the carriageway of streets, roads and public transport stops from sidewalks. The use of such curbs effectively prevents the erosion of curbs, road surfaces, slopes and urban landscape design. The curb protects popular sidewalks made of concrete tiles from spreading. In private buildings, curbs have also found their use - with their help, durable paths, courtyards and high lawns are formed and maintained.

If the area for improvement has the correct geometry

–

no rounding or turning

–

Only an ordinary curb is installed. Otherwise, drive-in (BV) and curved (BC) stones are also used to create a full-fledged enclosing covering of any shape. Border stones are durable and crack-resistant; they should not erode or crumble. A popular element of urban infrastructure, the curb meets all strict quality requirements. The norms and standards for the production of ordinary straight stone are contained in

GOST 6665-91

.

By adding various pigments to the concrete mixture, the border can be produced in a wide range of colors, and can also imitate natural materials (granite, marble, natural stone). Thanks to modern technologies of vibration pressing and vibration casting, curbs are smooth, durable and evenly colored.

An ordinary curb stone has a rectangular shape with a bevel on one side. A significant mass of ordinary curb stones from

120

kg is due to the fact that stone with a length of 3000 mm inclusive is reinforced. Reinforcement of the BR curb stone is made with rod reinforcement (stressed and non-stressed) and reinforcing wire. Also, an ordinary curb stone has mounting loops for ease of lifting, since this concrete product has a significant mass.

Strength and frost resistance

–

the most important performance characteristics for curbstones. Particular strength is imparted during the production process - vibrocompression. In order for the side stone to be frost-resistant, sand is specially added to the concrete, which gives the material both heaviness and strength. The grade of concrete for frost resistance for curbs depends on the area of ​​their application and varies from F100 to F300.

Another important characteristic of borders is uniform color. So that the stones do not differ in shades and do not spoil the color composition of the entire border, during the manufacturing process they are evenly painted throughout their entire depth. The part of the monolithic curb buried in the ground is usually the same in height as the above-ground part.

Product marking

The symbol for the stone consists of alphanumeric groups separated by a dash. The type of stone, length, height and width of the BR stone in centimeters are indicated

As an example of side stone marking, consider

BR 300.30.15

(3000x300x150 mm), where:

• BR

  –

  type of stone

  –

  airborne private;

• Length, width and height in cm.

Markings of side stones are applied to the end face of at least 10% of the stones from the batch.

Product quality control

There should be no cracks in an ordinary curb stone, except for a small number of barely noticeable surface cracks no more than one tenth of a millimeter wide.

Deviations in the geometric parameters of the curb stone along the length can be no more

±6, width ±4, height ±5 mm. Deviations in the straightness of the BR are possible no more than 6 mm.

On

acceptance tests

indicators are tested:

• concrete class for compressive strength;

• transfer and tempering strength of concrete;

• compliance of reinforcement products;

• strength of welded joints;

• accuracy of geometric parameters;

• thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement;

• the presence and width of possible cracks;

• categories of concrete surface;

• grades for workability of concrete mixture,

• volume of entrained air in concrete mixtures with air-entraining additives.

Party

ordinary curb stones

must be accompanied by a document from the manufacturer (technical passport),

which certifies the quality of BR side stones. IN

data sheet

indicate:

• batch number of BR stones, symbol, total quantity in pieces;

• BR test results;

• grade of concrete in terms of strength and tempering strength of concrete;

• concrete grade for frost resistance;

• class of prestressed reinforcement;

• GOST designation.

Transportation and storage

Curb stones are transported in various types of transport, packed in bags. It is important that the bags are secured with wire or other means to prevent damage to the stones. For the same reason, it is worth making sure that unloading does not occur in bulk or by dumping.

BR side stones are stored in stacks no higher than 2 meters, on wooden spacers, sorted by brand and size.

To reach the goal

–

that is, reliable separation of roadways from sidewalks and lawns using curbstones; it must be placed on a specially prepared base - crushed stone, concrete or sand. In this case, if installed correctly, the road entrance curb will fulfill its direct function and will last a long time.

Ordinary curbs BR 100-30-18

These are stones intended for the improvement of urban areas and roads, which today occupy a special place in the construction industry. The roadway must be separated from sidewalks and lawns. For this purpose, border elements are used, in particular - side stones or straightordinary curbs BR 100-30-18 .

1. Scope of application of ordinary curbs BR 100-30-18.

The main application was found in cone-shaped gray side stones BR 100-30-18 . This version of the concrete product is most suitable for making the ends of sidewalks and other paths, as well as for arranging long roads, highways or highways. It is also often used in the field of road surfaces and sidewalks to achieve an aesthetic and more convenient laying of the road surface. In addition, the protective functions that side curbs carry help to obtain a high-quality landscaped area that will last for a long time.

2.The main purpose of an ordinary border.

1. Functional load – ease of placement of stones on a road structure, eliminates erosion of sidewalks and paths, strengthens the road structure;

2. Aesthetic load – colorful design of paths, aesthetic framing of the road surface, a good opportunity to introduce design solutions when landscaping areas without losing the protective function.

3. Product marking designation.

The norms and standards for the production of ordinary straight stone are contained in GOST 6665-91 . Manufacturing and labelingside curbs BR 100-30-18 carried out in accordance with the current StandardGOST 6665-91 . Stones are tested according toGOST 8829 .

Main characteristics straight ordinary curb element BR 100-30-18 :

1.BR – type of building element, side ordinary straight line;

2.Product volume – V= 0,052 ;

3. Length – 1000 ;

4. Width – 180 ;

5. Height – 300 ;

6. Weight – 120 (determined by the type of concrete used, the value may vary slightly);

7. Geometric dimensions – 1000x180x300 .

8. Geometric volume - 0,054 .

The finished product is marked on the end side of the stone using special indelible paint. In a total batch, at least 10% of border products are marked, this is done in accordance with GOST 23009-78 .

4.Manufacturing and main characteristics.

Side curbs BR 100-30-18 have certain properties, thanks to which they are widely used in the field of improvement of road structures. The main technologies used in the production of curbs are vibration casting and vibration pressing. This allows you to obtain the correct geometric dimensions and a smooth surface that is resistant to abrasion and other atmospheric influences.

One side of the stone is beveled, the other side is rectangular. It is worth noting that the installation of stone is carried out on the principle of equality of the buried and above-ground parts. Side stones must also match TN VED 6801000000 – paving stones, curb stones and paving slabs made of natural stone, except slate.

Let's look at the characteristics of the products:

Firstly, high resistance to cracks, as well as reliability and strength (regulated GOST 18105 ) finished products. This is explained by the fact that stones are made from heavy and fine-grained grades of concrete (concrete class for compressive strength is not less than B22.5 and B30, concrete grade - M300 and M400). High grade Portland cement is used as raw material.

Secondly, due to the low water permeability of concrete (according to GOST 6665-91 the water permeability value is taken to be no less than W4) the finished stone is not washed away by water for a long time, does not crumble or chip (the stated service life is at least 20-25 years).

Side stone (BR)

Side stone (BR)
Name	Weight	Dimensions cm			Price
products
BR 100.30.15 road straight
BR 100.30.18 main line
BK 80.30.15.3 road radius
BSP 100.30/22.15 road beveled

Side stone

The edge stone will be a worthy addition to the landscaping. Side stone is intended for separating the carriageway of streets and roads from sidewalks, platforms, public transport stops, separate tram tracks, for separating squares, territories, pedestrian paths and sidewalks from lawns. Side stones must meet the requirements of GOST standards.
Road curbs are made from various materials, such as: concrete, reinforced concrete, natural stone, granite. It is important that the materials are heavy enough and strong enough, then the curb will be reliable, durable and resistant to external influences, including weather conditions. The most in demand are side stones made of cast concrete, or made by dry vibration pressing. Such concrete structures are considered the most suitable for urban conditions, since they have high strength indicators and, moreover, low cost (compared, for example, with granite elements). We repair refrigerators and freezers: repair of stinol refrigerators in Moscow, low prices for refrigerator repairs.

The technical characteristics of road side stones produced using this technology comply with GOST 6665-91 "Concrete and reinforced concrete side stones. Technical conditions".

Curb stone BR 100.30.15 (two-layer)

Side stone is used for landscaping roadways and pedestrian paths. With its help, you can clearly delimit zones, while simultaneously creating a solid foundation that will protect the road from destruction by water.

It is thanks to the use of side stones that it is possible to maintain a certain shape of the roadway or pedestrian path, giving the area an aesthetic and attractive appearance.

Our company produces concrete side stones of several varieties:

• road;
• mainline;
• garden.

Depending on the purpose, concrete side stones can have different shapes, sizes and even colors. Several shades of products allow you to create an exceptional site design at a low cost. After all, we offer products at the most reasonable prices.

The main stone is thicker, which makes the road durable and resistant to any mechanical factors. Rain, snow, mudflows and much more - all these are direct causes of deterioration in product quality during operation.

Garden stone is thinner and is used for landscaping walkways, flower beds and recreation areas.

Our production

Thanks to the new technology of vibratory pressing of semi-dry mixture, the side stone is strong and durable. This method has become most widespread due to the high performance indicators of the final product.

The second method of producing sides is vibration casting into a mold, but due to the increased moisture content in it, the performance characteristics of the concrete product deteriorate with each new freezing cycle.

Pressing the mixture eliminates the possibility of moisture formation, thereby preventing the likelihood of its freezing, and, consequently, destruction every year. Concrete side stones made by vibration pressing last a long time and always have an attractive appearance.

The frost resistance of our products is at least 200 cycles, which is approximately 12 years. High performance of concrete products is achieved through the use of a high-performance German line UF-051. The capacity of one such installation is up to 7 thousand units. per day.

Our range

Our side stone complies with GOST 6665-91. However, board is not the only type of our products. We also produce other types of materials. This includes storm drains, cabinets, bricks and much more. In total, we have more than 35,000 types of products with a productivity of more than 2,000 pieces per shift.

You can always buy edge stone from us in any quantity, and in addition, we always have a “stock” of finished products in our warehouse of 15 thousand units of each type. And having our own large fleet of vehicles allows us to carry out prompt delivery throughout Moscow and the entire Moscow region. We can load, deliver and unload construction materials in a short time, thereby saving you time and money.

BR 100.30.18	size LxHxW	1000 x 300 x 180 mm	weight 120 kg	Price 280 rub.
BR 100.30.15	size LxHxW	1000 x 300 x 150 mm	weight 96 kg	Price 220 rub.
BR 100.20.8	size LxHxW	1000 x 200 x 80 mm		Price 120 rub.
BR 50.20.8	size LxHxW	500 x 200 x 80 mm		Price 75 rub.

Ordinary curbs BR 100-30-15 These are stones intended for the improvement of urban areas and roads, which today occupy a special place in the construction industry. The roadway must be separated from sidewalks and lawns. For this purpose, border elements are used, in particular - side stones or straightordinary curbs BR 100-30-15 .

1. Scope of application of ordinary curbs BR 100-30-15.

The main application was found in cone-shapedgray side stones BR 100-30-15 . This version of the concrete product is most suitable for making the ends of sidewalks and other paths, as well as for arranging long roads, highways or highways. It is also often used in the field of road surfaces and sidewalks to achieve an aesthetic and more convenient laying of the road surface. In addition, the protective functions that side curbs carry help to obtain a high-quality landscaped area that will last for a long time.

2.The main purpose of an ordinary border.

1. Functional load – ease of placement of stones on a road structure, eliminates erosion of sidewalks and paths, strengthens the road structure;

2. Aesthetic load – colorful design of paths, aesthetic framing of the road surface, a good opportunity to introduce design solutions when landscaping areas without losing the protective function.

3. Product marking designation.

The norms and standards for the production of ordinary straight stone are contained inGOST 6665-91 . Manufacturing and labelingside curbs BR 100-30-15 carried out in accordance with the current StandardGOST 6665-91 . Stones are tested according toGOST 8829 .

Main characteristicsstraight ordinary curb element BR 100-30-15 :

1.BR – type of building element, side ordinary straight line;

2.Product volume – V=0,043 ;

3. Length – 1000 ;

4. Width – 150 ;

5. Height – 300 ;

6. Weight – 100 (determined by the type of concrete used, the value may vary slightly);

7. Geometric dimensions –1000x150x300 .

8. Geometric volume -0,045 .

The finished product is marked on the end side of the stone using special indelible paint. In a total batch, at least 10% of border products are marked, this is done in accordance withGOST 23009-78 .

4.Manufacturing and main characteristics.

Side curbs BR 100-30-15 have certain properties, thanks to which they are widely used in the field of improvement of road structures. The main technologies used in the production of curbs are vibration casting and vibration pressing. This allows you to obtain the correct geometric dimensions and a smooth surface that is resistant to abrasion and other atmospheric influences.

One side of the stone is beveled, the other side is rectangular. It is worth noting that the installation of stone is carried out on the principle of equality of the buried and above-ground parts. Side stones must also matchTN VED 6801000000 – paving stones, curb stones and paving slabs made of natural stone, except slate.

Let's look at the characteristics of the products:

Firstly, high resistance to cracks, as well as reliability and strength (regulatedGOST 18105 ) finished products. This is explained by the fact that stones are made from heavy and fine-grained grades of concrete (concrete class for compressive strength is not less than B22.5 and B30, concrete grade - M300 and M400). High grade Portland cement is used as raw material.

Secondly, due to the low water permeability of concrete (according toGOST 6665-91 the water permeability value is taken to be no less than W4) the finished stone is not washed away by water for a long time, does not crumble or chip (the stated service life is at least 20-25 years).

Entry side stone ( BV 100.30.15 ) - concrete stone designed to separate the roadway of driveways inside city blocks and when constructing entrances to sidewalks. Drive-in stones are used in combination with ordinary stones of the BR type. Curb stone BV 100-30.15 is widely used to separate the carriageway of streets and roads from sidewalks. The use of such curbs effectively prevents the erosion of curbs, road surfaces, slopes, and urban landscape design. In particular, curb stones are necessary if the sidewalk is covered with paving slabs. Curbs are produced using vibration-compression and vibration-casting methods; strict quality requirements and standards for the production of curbs are enshrined in GOST 6665-91

BV curb stones are made unreinforced, from fine-grained concrete with a strength of at least B30. The side stone can be either with a slope of the non-facial edge of up to 5%, or with a rounding radius of up to 30 mm.

The main performance characteristics of borders are strength and frost resistance. In order for the side stone to be frost-resistant, sand is specially added to the concrete, which gives the material both heaviness and strength. The grade of concrete for frost resistance for curbs depends on the area of ​​their application and varies from F100 to F300. Water absorption of concrete curb stones is no more than 6%.

Another important characteristic of borders is uniform color. So that the stones do not differ in shades and do not spoil the color composition of the entire border, during the manufacturing process they are evenly painted throughout their entire depth.

Also, the entrance curb stone has mounting loops for ease of lifting, since this concrete product has a significant mass.

Product marking

The symbol for the stone consists of alphanumeric groups separated by a dash. The type of stone, length, height and width of the BV stone in centimeters are indicated

As an example of side stone marking, consider BV 100-30-15 (1000x 150x 300mm), where:

• BV – type of stone – side entrance;
• length, width, height in cm.

Markings of side stones are applied to the end face of at least 10% of the stones from the batch.

Product quality control

There should be no cracks in curb stones, except for a small number of barely noticeable surface cracks no more than one tenth of a millimeter wide.

Deviations in the geometric parameters of entrance stones in length can be no more than ±6, in width ±4, in height ±5 mm. Deviations in straightness are possible no more than 6 mm.

On acceptance tests indicators are tested:

• concrete class for compressive strength;
• transfer and tempering strength of concrete;
• accuracy of geometric parameters;
• the presence and width of possible cracks;
• categories of concrete surface;
• grades for workability of concrete mixture,
• volume of entrained air in concrete mixtures with air-entraining additives.

Party ordinary curb stones must be accompanied by a document from the manufacturer (technical passport), which certifies the quality of BV side stones. IN data sheet indicate:

• batch number of BV stones, symbol, total quantity in pieces;
• BV test results;
• grade of concrete in terms of strength and tempering strength of concrete;
• concrete grade for frost resistance;
• class of prestressed reinforcement;
• GOST designation.

Transportation and storage

Curb stones are transported in various types of transport, packed in bags. It is important that the bags are secured with wire or other means to prevent damage to the stones.

safety of stones. For the same reason, it is worth making sure that unloading does not occur in bulk or by dumping.

BV side stones are stored in stacks no higher than 2 meters, on wooden spacers, sorted by brand and size.

To achieve the goal - that is, the reliable separation of roadways from sidewalks and lawns using curbstones - it must be placed on a specially prepared base - crushed stone, concrete or sand. In this case, if installed correctly, the road entrance curb will fulfill its direct function and will last a long time.

Side stones or curbs are building products made from concrete or from igneous, sedimentary and cast rocks, which are widely used in road construction for arranging roads and separating the roadway of streets and roads from sidewalks, lawns, platforms, public transport stops, etc. .d.

High-strength concrete and reinforced concrete side stones, in addition to their main function - separating the roadway from the sidewalks, prevent soil displacement, strengthen the road surface and paving slabs, preventing them from spreading. Side stones withstand any mechanical loads (including collisions with vehicles), exposure to climatic conditions and moisture, and are not destroyed by the action of chemical compounds. Thus, we can conclude that the use of curbs has a beneficial effect on the service life of road and sidewalk surfaces.

Side stones are divided into sidewalk and road. Sidewalk stones, as a rule, are smaller in size and made of fine-grained concrete; road stones, ranging in size from 1 to 6 m, are made only of heavy concrete reinforced with a steel frame. Side stones also play an important role in road safety. They are installed at a certain height relative to the roadway, limiting the movement of pedestrians and vehicles and preventing vehicles from accidentally driving onto the sidewalk or into the oncoming lane.

Concrete and reinforced concrete side stones are quite easy to install. They are installed directly into the ground or onto a concrete base, as a rule, before the construction of the road surface begins. First, a trench is dug, which is compacted with sand, crushed stone or filled with monolithic concrete. The width of the trench should be slightly larger than the width of the curbs. Then the side stones are installed, and in such a way that the buried part of the curb is equal in height to its above-ground part. A strengthening solution consisting of sand, cement and water is poured into the gaps that remain on each side due to the larger width of the trench. Another advantage of using concrete and reinforced concrete side stones as curbs is the ease of repair: if the products are damaged, they are simply replaced with new ones.

Side stones are divided into the following types:

• BR - straight privates. They are a rectangular plate with a bevel on one side. Used on straight sections of roads;
• BU – straight with widening. Have a special widening to provide additional protection against blur;
• BUP – straight with intermittent widening. They have several special widenings distributed along the length of the curb. Used on non-standard sections of the road;
• BL – straight with tray. Wide side stones with a special bevel in the form of a tray to create drainage;
• BV - entry. They have a larger bevel compared to ordinary ones to ensure unhindered entry of vehicles onto the sidewalk;
• BC – curvilinear. They have a rounded shape with two bevels on each side. They are used on turns and other curved sections of roads.

Reinforced concrete side stones can be manufactured with a technological slope of the non-facial vertical edges up to 5%, rounding of the front edges with a radius of up to 5 mm and non-facial ones with a radius of up to 15 mm or chamfers up to 10 mm wide.

Reinforced concrete side stones are manufactured in accordance with GOST 6665-91 “Concrete and reinforced concrete side stones. Technical specifications" from fine-grained or heavy concrete. Concrete class for compressive strength is not less than B22.5. The frost resistance class of concrete is assigned depending on the calculated temperature of the outside air during the coldest five-day period in the construction area. At a design temperature above -5°C, the concrete frost resistance class is F100, at temperatures from -5°C to -15°C inclusive - F150, from -15°C to -45°C - F200, at temperatures below -45°C – F300. The water absorption of concrete side stones should not exceed 6% by weight for stones made of fine-grained concrete and 5% by weight for stones made of heavy concrete.

Side stones are reinforced with welded mesh and three-dimensional steel frames. As prestressing reinforcement, hot-rolled steel bars of periodic profiles of classes A-IV and A-V according to GOST 5781 are used. As prestressing reinforcement, it is also allowed to use thermomechanically and thermally strengthened rod steel of periodic profiles of classes At-IV and At-V according to GOST 10884. Hot-rolled steel rods of classes A-III and A-I in accordance with GOST 5781 and ordinary reinforcing wire of a periodic profile of class BP-I in accordance with GOST 6727 are used as non-prestressing reinforcement. Lifting loops for ease of installation are made of steel rod hot-rolled smooth reinforcement of classes A-I grades VSt3sp2 and VSt3ps2 with a diameter of 6 - 12 mm according to GOST 5781.